History of Phoenicia

G >> George Rawlinson >> History of Phoenicia


[Footnote 14171: _Eponym Canon_, pp. 143, 144. Six names are lost
between the eleventh line and the eighteenth. They may be supplied from
the broken cylinder of Esarhaddon (_Records of the Past_, iii. 107,
108.)]

[Footnote 14172: _Eponym Canon_, pp. 144, 145, ll. 84-98.]

[Footnote 14173: Ibid. p. 139, l. 17.]

[Footnote 14174: _Records of the Past_, vol. i. p. 100.]

[Footnote 14175: _Records of the Past_, i. 66; ix. 41.]

[Footnote 14176: Ibid. iii. 67, ll. 116, 117.]

[Footnote 14177: Ibid. i. 67, 68.]

[Footnote 14178: See Judg. xix. 29; _Eponym Canon_, p. 132, l. 9.]

[Footnote 14179: _Eponym Canon_, pp. 149, 149.]

[Footnote 14180: _Eponym Canon_, p. 70.]

[Footnote 14181: Herod. i. 103. B.C. 633 was, according to Herodotus,
the year of the accession of Cyaxares. His attack on Nineveh seems to
have followed shortly after.]

[Footnote 14182: Herod. l.s.c. and iv. 1; Ezek. xxxviii. 2-16; Strabo,
xi. 8, Sec. 4; Diod. Sic. ii. 34, Sec. 2-5.]

[Footnote 14183: _Ancient Monarchies_, ii. 221.]

[Footnote 14184: Stanley, _Lectures on the Jewish Church_, ii. 432,
433.]

[Footnote 14185: Herod. i. 105; Strabo, i. 3, 16; Justin, ii. 3.]

[Footnote 14186: Herod. l.s.c.; Hippocrat. _De Aere, Aqua, et Locis_,
vi. Sec. 108.]

[Footnote 14187: Herod. i. 73.]

[Footnote 14188: Strabo, xi. 767; Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ iii. 8, Sec. 4.]

[Footnote 14189: Polyb. v. 70, Sec. 4.]

[Footnote 14190: _Ancient Monarchies_, ii. 228, note.]

[Footnote 14191: _Ancient Monarchies_, ii. 232.]

[Footnote 14192: Herod. ii. 157; and compare the author's _History of
Ancient Egypt_, ii. 467, note 6.]

[Footnote 14193: Ezek. xxvii. 8.]

[Footnote 14194: Ibid. verse 11.]

[Footnote 14195: Ibid. verse 9.]

[Footnote 14196: Ibid. xxviii. 2-5.]

[Footnote 14197: Ezek. xxvii. 3-6, and 25.]

[Footnote 14198: See the author's _History of Ancient Egypt_, ii. 472,
note 1.]

[Footnote 14199: Herod. ii. 159; 2 Kings xxiii. 29; 2 Chron. xxxv.
20-24.]

[Footnote 14200: Herod. ii. 157.]

[Footnote 14201: See Jer. xlvii. 1. Gaza, however, may not have been
taken till the campaign of B.C. 608.]

[Footnote 14202: Herod. i. 105 raises the suspicion that Askelon, which
was nearer Egypt than Ashdod, may have belonged to Psamatik I.]

[Footnote 14203: Ibid. ii. 159.]

[Footnote 14204: 2 Kings xxiii. 19; 2 Chron. xxxiv. 6.]

[Footnote 14205: _History of Ancient Egypt_, ii. 228.]

[Footnote 14206: Judg. iv. 15; v. 19.]

[Footnote 14207: 2 Chron. xxxv. 21.]

[Footnote 14208: See Jer. xlvi. 2.]

[Footnote 14209: Berosus, Fr. 1; 2 Kings xxiv. 7.]

[Footnote 14210: Herod. iv. 42.]

[Footnote 14211: Ibid. ii. 112.]

[Footnote 14212: Berosus, l.s.c.]

[Footnote 14213: Habakkuk, i. 6-10.]

[Footnote 14214: Jer. xlvi. 3, 4.]

[Footnote 14215: Ibid. verse 5.]

[Footnote 14216: Ibid. verse 6.]

[Footnote 14217: Jer. xlvi. 10.]

[Footnote 14218: Ibid. verse 16.]

[Footnote 14219: Ibid. verse 21.]

[Footnote 14220: Stanley, _Lectures on the Jewish Church_, ii. 455.]

[Footnote 14221: Ibid.]

[Footnote 14222: Berosus, l.s.c. The extreme haste of the return is
indicated by the fact, which is noted, that Nebuchadnezzer himself,
with a few light troops, took the short cut across the desert, while
his army, with its prisoners, pursued the more usual route through
the valley of the Orontes, by Aleppo to Carchemish, and then along the
course of the Euphrates.]

[Footnote 14223: See _History of Ancient Egypt_, ii. 480.]

[Footnote 14224: Habak. i. 6.]

[Footnote 14225: Menander ap. Joseph. _Contr. Ap._ i. 21.]

[Footnote 14226: Ezek. xxvii. 8, 9, 11.]

[Footnote 14227: So Joseph. l.s.c. Mr. Kenrick disputes the date on
account of Ezek. xxvi. 2, which he thinks must refer to the _final_
siege and capture of Jerusalem; but the reference may be to the breaking
of the power of Judaea, either by Neco in B.C. 608 or by Nebuchadnezzar
in B.C. 605.]

[Footnote 14228: 2 Kings xxiv. 2; 2 Chr. xxxvi. 6.]

[Footnote 14229: Ezek. xxviii. 21-23.]

[Footnote 14230: Menander, l.s.c.]

[Footnote 14231: Ezek. xxvi. 8-12.]

[Footnote 14232: Isaiah xliii. 14; AEschyl. _Pers._ l. 54.]

[Footnote 14233: As Kenrick (_Phoenicia_, p. 390).]

[Footnote 14234: See especially, ch. xxviii. 2, 12.]

[Footnote 14235: Ibid. verses 2-10, 17, 18.]

[Footnote 14236: Ezek. xxvii. 26.]

[Footnote 14237: Herod. vii. 44, 96, 100, 128.]

[Footnote 14238: Ibid. ii. 161; vii. 98; Ezra iii. 7.]

[Footnote 14239: Menander, Fr. 2.]

[Footnote 14240: Herod. ii. 182.]

[Footnote 14241: Ibid. i. 201-214; Ctesias, _Ex. Pers._ Sec. 6-8.]

[Footnote 14242: Herod. i. 177; Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ iii. 27.]

[Footnote 14243: Herod. i. 201-214; Ctes. _Ex. Pers._ l.s.c.]

[Footnote 14244: Ezra i. 1-11.]

[Footnote 14245: Kenrick, _Phoenicia_, p. 393.]

[Footnote 14246: Herod. iii. 19, 34.]

[Footnote 14247: Ezra iii. 7.]

[Footnote 14248: Ezra iii. 7.]

[Footnote 14249: Herod. i. 153.]

[Footnote 14250: Ibid. ii. 177.]

[Footnote 14251: See Berosus, ap. Joseph. _Ant. Jud._ x. 11, Sec. 1.]

[Footnote 14252: Hence the sacred writers speak of the Assyrians and
Babylonians as "God's _northern_ army," "a people from the _north_
country." (Jer. i. 15; vi. 22; Ezek. xxvi. 7; Joel ii. 20, &c.)]

[Footnote 14253: See Herod. iii. 5.]

[Footnote 14254: Ibid. ii. 159.]

[Footnote 14255: Ibid. ii. 161.]

[Footnote 14256: Ibid. ii. 182.]

[Footnote 14257: Herod. ii. 150, 154; iii. 11.]

[Footnote 14258: Ibid. iii. 19.]

[Footnote 14259: Ibid. vii. 98; viii. 67, Sec. 2; Diod. Sic. xvi. 42, Sec. 2;
xvii. 47, Sec. 1; Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ ii. 13, 15, &c.]

[Footnote 14260: Herod. iii. 19.]

[Footnote 14261: Ezek. xxix. 10.]

[Footnote 14262: Herod. iii. 17.]

[Footnote 14263: Herod. iii. 19.]

[Footnote 14264: Ibid.]

[Footnote 14265: Kenrick, _Phoenicia_, p. 394.]

[Footnote 14266: Diod. Sic. xvi. 41.]

[Footnote 14267: Kenrick, p. 391, note 3.]

[Footnote 14268: Herod. iii. 91.]

[Footnote 14269: Diod. Sic. xvi. 41, Sec. 2.]

[Footnote 14270: Herod. v. 52.]

[Footnote 14271: See the author's _Herodotus_, iv. 30, note 1.]

[Footnote 14272: Herod. vii. 28.]

[Footnote 14273: Ibid. iv. 166.]

[Footnote 14274: Herod. v. 37-104.]

[Footnote 14275: Phoenicia could furnish 300 triremes, Cyprus 150, Ionia
at this time 283 (Herod. vi. 8), AEolis at least 70 (ibid.), Caria the
same number (ib. vii. 93)--total, 873. Against these Darious could only
have mustered 200 from Egypt (ib. vii. 89), 100 from Cilicia (ib. 91),
50 from Lycia (ib. 92), and 30 from Pamphylia (ib. 91)--total, 380.]

[Footnote 14276: Herod. i. 28, 176; Appian, _Bell. Civ._ iv. 80.]

[Footnote 14277: Herod. iii. 14-16, 27-29, 37, &c.]

[Footnote 14278: Ibid. v. 108.]

[Footnote 14279: Ibid.]

[Footnote 14280: Ibid. v. 112.]

[Footnote 14281: See the author's _Herodotus_, i. 268, 269, 3rd ed.]

[Footnote 14282: Herod. vi. 9.]

[Footnote 14283: Ibid. ch. 6.]

[Footnote 14284: Herod. ch. 8.]

[Footnote 14285: Ibid. chs. 9-13.]

[Footnote 14286: The Lesbians and most of the Samians (Herod. v. 14).]

[Footnote 14287: Ibid. ch. 15.]

[Footnote 14288: Ibid. chs. 31-33.]

[Footnote 14289: Herod. v. 41.]

[Footnote 14290: Ibid. iii. 135-138.]

[Footnote 14291: Herod. vi. 43-45.]

[Footnote 14292: See the author's _Herodotus_, iii. 494, note 3.]

[Footnote 14293: The fleet which accomponied Mardonius lost nearly
_three hundred_ vessels off Mount Athos (Herod. vi. 44), and therefore
can scarcely have fallen much short of 500; that of Datis and
Artaphernes is reckoned at 600 by Herodotus (vi. 95), at a thousand by
Cicero (_Orat. in Verr._ ii. 1, Sec. 18), and Valerius Maximus (i. 1).]

[Footnote 14294: So Herodotus (vi. 95).]

[Footnote 14295: Herod. vi. 118.]

[Footnote 14296: Herod. vii. 23.]

[Footnote 14297: Ibid. vii. 34-36.]

[Footnote 14298: Ibid. viii. 117.]

[Footnote 14299: AEschyl. _Pers._ l. 343; Herod. vii. 89.]

[Footnote 14300: Herod. vii. 89-95; Diod. Sic. xi. 3, Sec. 7.]

[Footnote 14301: Herod. vii. 44.]

[Footnote 14302: Ibid. vii. 100, 128.]

[Footnote 14303: Ibid. viii. 85.]

[Footnote 14304: Ibid. viii. 17.]

[Footnote 14305: Diod. Sic. xi. 13, Sec. 2: {'Aristeusai Phasi para men
tois 'El-lesin 'Athnaious, para de, tois barbarois Sidonious}.]

[Footnote 14306: Herod. viii. 84; AEschyl. _Pers._ ll. 415-7.]

[Footnote 14307: Herod. viii. 86-90.]

[Footnote 14308: Ibid. ch. 90.]

[Footnote 14309: Ibid. ch. 90.]

[Footnote 14310: Diod. Sic. xi. 19, Sec. 4.]

[Footnote 14311: Herod. ix. 96.]

[Footnote 14312: Diod. Sic. xi. 60, Sec. 5, 6.]

[Footnote 14313: So Diodorus (xi. 62, Sec. 3); but the mention of Cyprus in
line 6 renders this somewhat doubtful.]

[Footnote 14314: Thucyd. i. 110.]

[Footnote 14315: See _Ancient Monarchies_, iii. 501.]

[Footnote 14316: See the _Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum_, i.
139-148.]

[Footnote 14317: Nos. 115, 116, 117, 119, 120.]

[Footnote 14318: Ibid. No. 118.]

[Footnote 14319: _Corp. Ins. Sem._ i. 132, 145.]

[Footnote 14320: Dionys. Halicarn. _De Orat. Antiq._ "Dinarch." Sec. 10.]

[Footnote 14321: _Corp. Ins. Sem._ i. 145, No. 119.]

[Footnote 14322: See the _Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum_, i. 126, No.
87.]

[Footnote 14323: Nefaheritis or Nefaa-ert. (See the author's _Story of
Egypt_, pp. 385, 386, and compare _Ancient Monarchies_, iii. 481, 482.)]

[Footnote 14324: Isocrates, _Paneg._ and _Evag._; Theopompas, Fr. 111;
Diod. Sic. xiv. 98; Ctesias, _Exc. Pers._ Fr. 29, Sec. 63.]

[Footnote 14325: Diod. Sic. xv. 9, Sec. 2. (See Grote's _Hist. of Greece_,
x. 30, note 3.)]

[Footnote 14326: Diod. Sic. xv. 9, Sec. 2.]

[Footnote 14327: Isocrates, _Paneg._ Sec. 161; _Evag._ Sec.Sec. 23, 62.]

[Footnote 14328: See Diod. Sic. xiv. 98; xv. 2; Ephorus Fr.; 134
Isocrates, _Evag._ Sec.Sec. 75, 76.]

[Footnote 14329: Kenrick, _Phoenicia_, p. 405.]

[Footnote 14330: See _Ancient Monarchies_, iii. 504.]

[Footnote 14331: _Ancient Monarchies_, iii. 505, 506.]

[Footnote 14332: Diod. Sic. xv. 90, Sec. 3.]

[Footnote 14333: Ibid. xv. 92, Sec. 5.]

[Footnote 14334: Ibid. xvi. 41, Sec. 1.]

[Footnote 14335: Diod. Sic. xvi. 42, Sec. 2.]

[Footnote 14336: Ibid. xvi. 41, Sec. 5.]

[Footnote 14337: Ibid. xvi. 32, Sec. 2.]

[Footnote 14338: Ibid. Sec. 5.]

[Footnote 14339: Ibid. xvi. 40, Sec. 5, ad fin.]

[Footnote 14340: Ibid. xvi. 44, Sec. 6, ad fin.]

[Footnote 14341: Diod. Sic. xvi. Sec. 5.]

[Footnote 14342: Diodorus is our authority for all these facts (xvi. 45,
Sec. 1-6).]

[Footnote 14343: See the author's _Story of Egypt_, pp. 396-401.]

[Footnote 14344: Diod. Sic. xvi. 42, Sec. 6; 46, Sec. 3.]

[Footnote 14345: Scylax, _Periplus_, Sec. 104.]

[Footnote 14346: Ibid.]

[Footnote 14347: See Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ ii. 13, sub fin.; 15, sub
fin.; 30, sub init.]

[Footnote 14348: See _Encycl. Brit._ xviii. 809.]

[Footnote 14349: Quint. Curt. iv. 4; Justin, xi. 10. Diodorus by mistake
makes Strato II. king of Tyre (xvii. 47, Sec. 1).]

[Footnote 14350: Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ i. 1, Sec. 2.]

[Footnote 14351: See Grote, _History of Greece_, xii. 102.]

[Footnote 14352: Ibid. pp. 29-51.]

[Footnote 14353: Diod. Sic. xvii. 7.]

[Footnote 14354: Four hundred were actually brought to the relief of
Miletus a few weeks later (Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ i. 18, Sec. 5).]

[Footnote 14355: Ibid. Sec. 4.]

[Footnote 14356: Diod. Sic. xvii. 22; Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ i. 18-20.]

[Footnote 14357: Diod. Sic. xvii. 23-26; Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ i. 20-23.]

[Footnote 14358: Diod. Sic. xvii. 29, Sec. 2; Arrian., _Exp. Alex._ ii. 1,
Sec. 1.]

[Footnote 14359: See the remarks of Mr. Grote (_History of Greece_, xii.
142, 143.)]

[Footnote 14360: Diod. Sic. xvii. 29, Sec. 4.]

[Footnote 14361: Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ i. 20, Sec. 1; Diod. Sic. i. 22, Sec.
5.]

[Footnote 14362: Arrian, ii. 8-13.]

[Footnote 14363: Arrian, ii. 13, 87; Diod. Sic. xvii. 40, Sec. 2.]

[Footnote 14364: As Ger-astartus, king of Aradus (Arrian, l.s.c.);
Enylus, king of Byblus (ibid. ii. 20, Sec. 1); and Azemileus, king of Tyre
(ibid. ii. 15, ad fin.)]

[Footnote 14365: Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ ii. 13, ad fin.]

[Footnote 14366: Ibid. ii. 15, Sec. 6.]

[Footnote 14367: Arrian, l.s.c.]

[Footnote 14368: Ibid. ii. 15, Sec. 7; Q. Curt. iv. 2, Sec. 3.]

[Footnote 14369: Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ ii. 16, ad fin.; Q. Curt. iv. 2, Sec.
5; Justin, xi. 10.]

[Footnote 14370: Diod. Sic. xvii. 40, Sec. 2.]

[Footnote 14371: See Diod. Sic. xv. 73, Sec. 4; 77, Sec. 4.]

[Footnote 14372: In point of fact, he only obtained, towards the fleet
which he collected against Tyre, twenty-three vessels that were not
either Cyprian or Phoenician (Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ ii. 20, Sec. 2).]

[Footnote 14373: Herod. viii. 97.]

[Footnote 14374: Compare Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ ii. 15, Sec. 7, with ii. 24,
Sec. 5.]

[Footnote 14375: Diod. Sic. xvii. 41, Sec. 3.]

[Footnote 14376: Ibid. Sec. 4.]

[Footnote 14377: Q. Curt. iv. Sec. 20; Diod. Sic. xvii. 41, Sec. 1, 2.]

[Footnote 14378: Diod. Sic. xvii. 40, Sec. 5.]

[Footnote 14379: Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ ii. 18, Sec. 3.]

[Footnote 14380: Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ ii. 18, Sec. 3.]

[Footnote 14381: Diod. Sic. xvii. 42, Sec. 1; Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ ii. 18,
Sec. 5.]

[Footnote 14382: Arrian, ii. 18, sub fin.]

[Footnote 14383: Ibid. ii. 19, Sec. 1.]

[Footnote 14384: This seems to be Arrian's meaning, when he says, {ai
keraiai periklastheisaiexekhean es to pur osa es exapsin tes phlogus
pareskeuasmena en} (ii. 19, Sec. 4).]

[Footnote 14385: Grote, _History of Greece_, xii. 185, 186.]

[Footnote 14386: Kenrick, _Phoenicia_, p. 418.]

[Footnote 14387: Q. Curt. iv. 3, Sec. 8.]

[Footnote 14388: Arrian, l.s.c.]

[Footnote 14389: Arrian, ii. 20, Sec. 1.]

[Footnote 14390: Ibid. Sec. 2.]

[Footnote 14391: Arrian, ii. 20; Sec. 3; Q. Curt. iv. 3, Sec. 11.]

[Footnote 14392: {'Epibibasas tois katastromasi ton upaspiston osoi
ikanoi edokoun es to ergon} (Arrian, ii. 20, Sec. 6).]

[Footnote 14393: The Tyrians had but eighty vessels against Alexander's
224.]

[Footnote 14394: Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ ii. 20, ad fin.]

[Footnote 14395: Ibid. ii. 21, Sec. 8.]

[Footnote 14396: Q. Curt. iv. 3, Sec. 7-9.]

[Footnote 14397: Diod. Sic. xvii. 42, Sec. 6; Q. Curt. l.s.c.]

[Footnote 14398: See Kenrick, _Phoenicia_, pp. 421, 422.]

[Footnote 14399: Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ ii. 21, Sec. 1.]

[Footnote 14400: Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ ii. 21, Sec. 4-7.]

[Footnote 14401: Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ ii. 21, Sec. 8.]

[Footnote 14402: Some editions of Arrian gave {Pasikratous tou
Thourieos}, "Pasicrates the Thurian," but the right reading is
undoubtedly {tou Kourieos}, "the Curian, or king of Curium." (See the
note of Sintenis ad loc.)]

[Footnote 14403: Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ ii. 22, Sec. 2.]

[Footnote 14404: Six triremes and all the quinqueremes (Arrian, ii. 22,
Sec. 3).]

[Footnote 14405: Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ ii. 22, Sec. 5.]

[Footnote 14406: Diod. Sic. xvii. 42, Sec. 7.]

[Footnote 14407: Ibid. xvii. 45, Sec. 4.]

[Footnote 14408: Diod. Sic. xvii. 45, Sec. 3.]

[Footnote 14409: Ibid. xvii. 43, Sec. 7, 8.]

[Footnote 14410: Ibid. xvii. 44, Sec. 4.]

[Footnote 14411: Ibid. xvii. 44, Sec. 1-3.]

[Footnote 14412: Ibid. Sec. 4.]

[Footnote 14413: Ibid. xvii. 45, Sec. 6.]

[Footnote 14414: Ibid. xvii. 43, Sec. 3.]

[Footnote 14415: Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ ii. 22, sub fin.]

[Footnote 14416: {Kateseise tou teikhous epi mega} (Ibid. ii. 23, Sec. 1).]

[Footnote 14417: Diod. Sic. xvii. 46, Sec. 1.]

[Footnote 14418: Arrian, ii. 23, Sec. 2.]

[Footnote 14419: Ibid. ii. 23, Sec. 5.]

[Footnote 14420: Not "_the_ foremost," as Diodorus says (xvii. 46, Sec.
2).]

[Footnote 14421: Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ ii. 23, ad fin.]

[Footnote 14422: Ibid. ii. 24, Sec. 1.]

[Footnote 14423: Ibid.]

[Footnote 14424: Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ ii. 24, Sec. 4.]

[Footnote 14425: Diod. Sic. xvii. 46, Sec. 4.]

[Footnote 14426: So Arrian (l.s.c.) Diodorus reduces the number to
thirteen thousand (xvii. 46, Sec. 4).]

[Footnote 14427: Diod. Sic. xvii. 46, Sec. 5; Arrian, ii. 24, Sec. 6.]

[Footnote 14428: See Kenrick, _Phoenicia_, p. 428, note 3.]

[Footnote 14429: See Diod. Sic. xvii. 46, Sec. 6. The name Abd-elonim,
"servant of the gods," is common. The Greeks and Romans generally render
it by Abdalonymus.]

[Footnote 14430: Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ iii. 6, Sec. 3.]

[Footnote 14431: Ibid. vi. 1, Sec. 6.]

[Footnote 14432: Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ vi. 22, Sec. 4.]

[Footnote 14433: Ibid. vii. 19, Sec. 3.]

[Footnote 14434: Ibid. Sec. 5.]

[Footnote 14435: Diod. Sic. xviii. 3, Sec. 1.]

[Footnote 14436: Ibid. 43, Sec. 2.]

[Footnote 14437: Diod. Sic. xix. 58, Sec. 1.]

[Footnote 14438: So Kenrick, _Phoenicia_, p. 433. Compare Diod. Sic.
xviii. 37, Sec. 4.]

[Footnote 14439: Diod. Sic. xix. 58, Sec. 2-4.]

[Footnote 14440: Ibid. 61, Sec. 6.]

[Footnote 14441: Plutarch, _Vit. Demetr._ Sec. 32.]

[Footnote 14442: Diod. Sic. xxx. 17; Polyb. v. 40.]

[Footnote 14443: Polyb. v. 60.]

[Footnote 14444: Ibid. v. 62.]

[Footnote 14445: Polyb. xvi. 18; Joseph. _Ant. Jud._ xii. 3, Sec. 3.]

[Footnote 14446: See Kenrick, _Phoenicia_, p. 436.]

[Footnote 14447: Herod. i. 1. Egypt never sent trading ships into the
Mediterranean. All her commerce with Syria, Asia Minor, and Europe was
carried on either in Greek or Phoenician bottoms.]

[Footnote 14448: Kenrick, _Phoenicia_, l.s.c.]

[Footnote 14449: As that of the Red Sea, Arabia, and the East African
coast.]

[Footnote 14450: 2 Macc. iv. 18.]

[Footnote 14451: Ibid. verses 44-50.]

[Footnote 14452: Gesenius, _Mon. Phoen._ pls. 32-34.]

[Footnote 14453: Kenrick, _Phoenicia_, pp. 437, 438.]

[Footnote 14454: Livy, xxvii. 30.]

[Footnote 14455: 2 Macc. iv. 49.]

[Footnote 14456: 1 Macc. iii. 34-36; 2 Macc. viii. 9; Joseph. _Ant.
Jud._ xii. 7, Sec. 2,]

[Footnote 14457: 2 Macc. viii. 11.]

[Footnote 14458: 1 Macc. iii. 41.]

[Footnote 14459: 2 Macc. viii. 25; Joseph. _Ant. Jud._ xii. 7, Sec. 4.]

[Footnote 14460: Strab. xvii. 2, Sec. 22.]

[Footnote 14461: Joseph. _Ant. Jud._ xii. 4, Sec. 3.]

[Footnote 14462: Ibid. Sec. 4.]

[Footnote 14463: By Theodotus in B.C. 219 (Polyb. v. 61, Sec. 5), by
Cleopatra, queen of Syria, about B.C. 85 (Joseph. _Ant. Jud._ xiii. 13,
Sec. 2), by Tigranes in B.C. 83 (ibid. xiii. 16, Sec. 4), &c.]

[Footnote 14464: Justin, _Hist. Philipp._ xl. 1; Appian, _Syriaca_, Sec.
48.]

[Footnote 14465: Kenrick, _Phoenicia_, p. 438.]

[Footnote 14466: Or, sometimes, under a propraetor.]

[Footnote 14467: Joseph. _Ant. Jud._ xiv. 10, Sec. 2.]

[Footnote 14468: Ibid. xv. 4, Sec. 1, ad fin.]

[Footnote 14469: Ibid. xiv. 12, Sec.Sec. 4, 5.]

[Footnote 14470: Mommsen, _History of Rome_, iv. 113-115, Engl. Tr.;
Merivale, _Roman Empire_, i. 36.]

[Footnote 14471: Thucyd. i. 4.]

[Footnote 14472: See the author's _Sixth Oriental Monarchy_, pp.
178-180.]

[Footnote 14473: Dio Cass. _Hist. Rom._ xlviii. 25.]

[Footnote 14474: Ibid. Sec. 26.]

[Footnote 14475: Joseph. _Ant. Jud._ xiv. 13.]

[Footnote 14476: Dio. Cass. xlviii. 39-41.]

[Footnote 14477: Ibid. liv. 7.]

[Footnote 14478: Ramsay, in Smith's _Dict. of Greek and Rom. Geography_,
i. 11.]

[Footnote 14479: Suidas ad voc. {Paulos Turios}.]

[Footnote 14480: Mark vii. 24-30. Compare Matt. xv. 21-28.]

[Footnote 14481: Acts xii. 20, 21.]

[Footnote 14482: Acts xi. 19.]

[Footnote 14483: Ibid. xxi. 3-7.]

[Footnote 14484: See Robertson, _History of the Christian Church_, i.
195, 196.]

[Footnote 14485: Ibid. p. 201.]

[Footnote 14486: Some doubts have been entertained as to whether
Porphyry was really a Tyrian, but his own statement (_Vit. Plotini_, ii.
107), backed as it is by the testimony of Eunapius and Suidas, should be
regarded as settling the question.]

[Footnote 14487: Mason, in Smith's _Dict. of Greek and Rom. Biography_,
iii. 502.]

[Footnote 14488: See the article on PORPHYRIUS in Smith's _Dict. of
Greek and Rom. Biography_, iii. 498-502.]

[Footnote 14489: Strab. xvi. 2, Sec. 24.]

[Footnote 14490: See the lines quoted by Kenrick (_Phoenicia_, p. 440,
note) from Cramer's _Anecdota Graeca_ (iv. 19, Sec. 6):--]

{Oi tes Stoas bullousin 'Akademian, Purronas outoi, pantas o
Stegeirites. 'Alloi de touton Phoinikes te kai Suroi.}]

[Footnote 14491: Strabo, l.s.c.]

[Footnote 14492: Ibid. Strabo's words are: {Nuni de pases kai tes alles
philosophias euporian polu pleisten labein estin ek touton ton poleon.}]

[Footnote 14493: Smith's _Dict. of Greek and Rom. Biography_, ii. 417.]

[Footnote 14494: Kenrick, _Phoenicia_, p. 440.]

[Footnote 14495: Suidas, s.v. {Paulos Turios}.]

[Footnote 14496: Smith's _Dict. of Greek and Rom. Biography_, ii. 1000.]

[Footnote 14497: Smith's Gibbon, ii. 317.]

[Footnote 14498: Heineccius, _Ant. Rom. Synt._ Proem, Sec. 45.]

[Footnote 14499: Ibid.]

[Footnote 14500: See Eckhel, _Doctr. Num. Vet._ iii. 366; Mionnet,
_Description des Medailles_, Supplement.]

[Footnote 14501: Note that the "Syro-Phoenician woman" who conversed with
our Lord is spoken of as also {'Ellenis}, one whose language was Greek
(Mark vii. 26).]

[Footnote 14502: _De situ orbis_, i. 12; "Sidon adhuc opulenta."]

[Footnote 14503: Ulpian, _Digest. Leg. de Cens._ tit. 15.]

[Footnote 14504: _Exp. totius Mundi_ in Hudson's _Geographi Minores_,
iii. 6.]

[Footnote 14505: Hieronymus, _Comment. ad Ezek._ xxxvi. 7.]

[Footnote 14506: Hieronymus, _Comment. ad Ezek._ xxvii. 2.]

[Footnote 14507: Ezek. xxvi. 14.]

[Footnote 14508: Euseb. _Vita Constantin. Magni_, iii. 58.]